Which welding process does not require qualification testing for structural steel under AWS D1.1?

For the AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code, the focus is on ensuring that the welding processes used on structural steel components meet specific quality and performance standards. Among the processes listed, Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is recognized for its versatility and widespread use in various applications.

SMAW does not require qualification testing when it is used with a specified range of materials and conditions, as it is generally accepted that this process can produce welds that meet the code's requirements without the need for extensive qualification for all scenarios. This is largely due to its long history, established techniques, and the ability to achieve sound welds with various types of electrodes.

In contrast, processes like Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), and Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) each have specific qualification requirements outlined in the AWS D1.1 code. These processes involve different equipment and methods of producing welds, which may necessitate more stringent qualification testing to ensure consistency and quality.

Understanding this distinction helps identify why SMAW stands out in this context, reflecting its robust capability for structural steel applications without the need for qualification under certain pre-defined conditions.