Which NDT procedures are provided in AWS D1.1?

AWS D1.1, which is a widely recognized code for welding in structural steel, outlines various non-destructive testing (NDT) methods that can be employed to ensure the integrity of welds. Among these, Radiographic Testing (RT) and Ultrasonic Testing (UT) are the primary methods mentioned.

Radiographic Testing (RT) uses X-rays or gamma rays to create a radiograph of the welded joint, which helps in detecting internal flaws such as voids, inclusions, and cracks that may not be visible on the surface. Ultrasonic Testing (UT), on the other hand, employs high-frequency sound waves to detect discontinuities and measure the thickness of materials. Both of these methods are essential for assessing the quality of welds and ensuring that they meet the required specifications.

In comparison, other options include methods like Magnetic Particle Testing (MT), which is not mentioned in AWS D1.1, and Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT), which focuses on surface defects rather than internal verification. While those methods have their own value in specific applications, they are not covered within the NDT procedures outlined in AWS D1.1. This distinction highlights the comprehensive approach of RT and UT, both of which provide critical insights into