What is the name of the welding process that uses an electric arc between a covered electrode and the molten metal weld pool?

The welding process referred to is Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). In this process, an electric arc is created between a coated or covered electrode and the workpiece, forming a molten metal weld pool. As the electrode melts, the flux coating generates protective gases and a layer of slag that shields the molten weld pool from contamination by atmospheric elements, such as oxygen and nitrogen. This protection is crucial for achieving high-quality welds.

The use of a coated electrode is a distinctive feature of SMAW that differentiates it from other welding methods. While processes like MIG (Metal Inert Gas) and TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) utilize a different mechanism to supply and shield the filler material, SMAW relies on the burning of the flux coating to provide this essential protection. Therefore, the description of using an electric arc between a covered electrode and the molten metal weld pool unequivocally aligns with the characteristics and operation of SMAW.